James Weldon Johnson
James Weldon Johnson signed up with the company as an area secretary in 1916 and rapidly broadened the NAACP's function right into the U.S. Southern. Johnson was currently an achieved number, having actually functioned as U.S. consul to Venezuela and Nicaragua under the Taft and Roosevelt managements.
Johnson likewise composed an unique called "The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Guy" – an effective literary function regarding a Black guy birthed with skin light sufficient to masquerade white. And he composed, with his sibling J. Rosamond Johnson, the tune "Raise Every Articulate and Sing," which to today functions as the unofficial Black nationwide anthem.
As area secretary, Johnson oversaw flow of The Dilemma throughout the Southern. The NAACP's subscription expanded from 8,765 in 1916 to 90,000 in 1920 as the variety of its regional chapters exploded from 70 to 395. Johnson likewise orderly greater than 10,000 marchers in the NAACP's Quiet Demonstration Ceremony of 1917 – the initially significant road demonstration organized versus lynching in the U.S.
These remove successes led the board to call Johnson to be the initially individual – and the initially Black American – to function as the NAACP's exec secretary in November 1920, sealing Black manage over the company. He unified the numerous recently orderly regional branches in nationwide lawful difficulties to white physical violence and anti-Black discrimination, and made the NAACP one of the most prominent company in the defend Black equal rights previously Globe Battle II.
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Johnson unified regional chapters in advocating for the intro of an anti-lynching expense in Congress in 1921. In spite of initiatives in 2020 to lastly achieve this objective, the U.S. still does not have a legislation on guides outlawing racist lynching.
Johnson did, nevertheless, preside over the NAACP when the team notched its initially of numerous significant Supreme Court victories. In 1927, the court ruled in Nixon v. Herndon that a Texas legislation barring Black individuals from taking part in Autonomous Celebration primaries broken the constitution.
Johnson's tenure at the NAACP's helm finished in 1930, however his capcapacity to unify regional chapters in nationwide lawsuits laid a lot of the groundwork for various Supreme Court victories in the years in advance, consisting of the 1954 Brownish v. Board of Education and learning Supreme Court choice which noted the starting of completion for legalized segregation in the Unified Specifies.
In later on years, Johnson ended up being the initially Black teacher to instruct at Brand-new York College.